在现有英语法和合同条文的主句组成中，汉语中有许多翻译方法。通常被翻译成“胡须”、“应该”有时被翻译成“应该”，有时被翻译成“应该”、“将”、“可”，还有被翻译成“必须”，甚至完全忽略不翻译的案例。试试下面的例子。
1. The Chief justice of the Court of Final Appeal and the Chief Judge of the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be Chinese citizens who are permanent residents of the Region. In addition to the procedure prescribed in Articles 88 and 89 of this law, the appointment and removal of judges of the Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be made by the Chief Executive with the endorsement of the Legislative Council of the Region and reported to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for the record. 香港特别行政区终审法院和高等法院首席法官，香港特别行政区永久居民中的中国居民应当在外国无居留权。除本法第八十八条、第八十九条规定的程序外，香港特别行政区终审法院、高等法院首席法官的任命和免职，还应当经立法会批准，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。(香港特别行政区基本法) 2．…the election or recall of chief procurators of people’s procuratorates shall be reported to the chief procurators of the people’s procuratorates at the next higher level for submission to the standing committees of the people’s congresses at the corresponding level for approval. 选举或者罢免人民检察长，上级人民检察院检察长应当报上级人民代表大会常务委员会批准。（宪法） 3．Shipment: The Date of the Bill of Lading shall be accepted as a conclusive evidence of the date of shipment. 付款:提单日期必须承认为付款日期的真实证据。 4．One who instigates others to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in the joint crime. One who instigates a person under the age of eighteen to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment. 教唆他人犯罪的，应当按照他在共同犯罪中的作用进行处罚。教唆不满十八岁的人犯罪的，应当从重处罚。（刑法） 5．If the Buyers fail to notify and/or forward full details within the period specified above, the Buyers shall be deemed to have waived their right to assert any claim. 如果买方未能在上述规定的期限内通知和（或）发送完整的细节，则买方将被视为放弃提出任何索赔的权利。 6．In the event the Buyers’ such appointment does not arrive in time, the Sellers’ system of inspection shall be final and binding upon the parties concerned. 如果买方未能及时到达这一委托，卖方的检查制度将是决定性的，并对相关方具有约束力。 7．Quantity, unless otherwise arranged, shall be subject to a variation of 5% plus or minus at Seller’s option. 数量:除非另行安排，否则卖方可以选择增减5%。 8. …Such compensation shall correspond to the real value of the property concerned and shall be freelyconvertibleand paid without undue delay.… 征用财产的补偿应当相当于当时财产的实际价值，可自由兑换，不得无故延迟支付。 9．The Purchaser shall, upon receipt of Corporation’s respective invoices therefor, pay to Corporation all amounts whichbecome due by the Purchaser to the Corporationhereunder, including without limitation an amount equal to the taxes and duties. 买方收到公司的各种发票后，必须立即支付到期的所有款项，包括各种税费，不得有例外。 10．The contractor shall be entitled to use for the purpose of the works such supplies of electricity and water as may be available therefor on the site and shall pay the purchaser such as may be reasonable in the circumstances, and shall at his own expense provide anyapparatusnecessary for such use. 承包商有权利用施工现场原有的供电供水进行施工，但必须向业主支付合理的水电费，并承担安装供电供水所需的仪器。 11．The Board shall have suchjurisdictionand powers as are conferred on it by this or any otherOrdinance. 仲裁处具有本条例或者任何其他条例授予仲裁处的司法管辖权和权利。 12．All Hong Kong residents shall be equal before the law. 香港居民在法律面前是平等的。 12．All Hong Kong residents shall be equal before the law. 香港居民在法律面前是平等的。
综上所述，shall的翻译显然多种多样，至少有八种。例1将shall翻译成“应”和“应”、例3翻译成“须”(或“须”翻译成shall)；例4将shall翻译成“应该”；例5、例6翻译成“将”；例7、例8翻译成“可”和“应”；例9翻译成“必须”；例10中，一个不翻译，另一个翻译成“须”，后一个翻译成“要”；最后两例，即例11、12，不译，也就是说，在汉语文本中找不到相应的译文。
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