1. 选词正式准确
合同中的选词要求极其严格，以显得严肃、严肃。
Any event or circumstance beyond the control of the Parties shall be deemed an event of Force Majeure and shall include, but not be restricted to, fire, storm, flood, earthquake, explosion, war, rebellion, insurrection, epidemic and quarantine restriction.
双方无法控制的事件或情况应视为不可抗力事件，包括但不限于火灾、风灾、洪水、地震、爆炸、战争、叛乱、暴动、传染病和瘟疫。
2 多用术语商务 合同中有法律和商业术语。
3 同义词连用合同行文的主要特征之一是使用“and”或“or“连接两个或两个以上的短语。The Seller shall sell and the Buyer shall buy the following described property upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth within this contract.
根据合同中提到的条款，卖方将出售，买方将购买以下商品。
Party A acknowledges and agrees that the technology it will receive from Party B during the term of this Contract shall be kept secrete and confidential.
甲方承认并同意乙方在合同期内提供的技术应保密。
This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.
本合同由甲乙双方共同制定。
The Buyer reserves the right to investigate or inspect at any time whether the products, qualifications, or facilities meet the Contract requirements,
买方有权随时检查产品、质量或设施是否符合合同要求。
4.多用名称 为避免歧义，合同中尽量用名词代替代词。Example:
If the Seller determines the performance has not been completed satisfactorily and in conformance with this Contract, the performance bond may be retained by the Seller until the Seller can determine damages caused by the lack of performance.
如果卖方确定履行情况不令人满意或与合同不一致，则可以在他能够确定履行不当造成的损失之前扣留履约保证金。
5.多用副词 合同中常用的副词：
以后hereafter， 从此以后; Thereon在其上/thereupon关于:关于那件事；关于那个/whereupon 在哪里，所以； Thereunder .在其下; 到此为止，Hereto； Whereto到那里， 到那个地方； 以上是Hereinabove； hereinbefore在上文中； Hereinafter在下文中； 以下是hereinbelow
6 在合同中，shall是情态动词，表示强烈的义务关系。Examples:
The date of registration of the cooperative venture company shall be the date of the establishment of the board of directors of the cooperative venture company.
董事会正式成立之日为合资公司注册之日。
The amendment of the contract or other appendices shall come into force only after a written agreement has been signed by Party A and Part B and approved by the original examination and approval authority.
只有甲乙双方签订书面协议，经原审批机构批准，合同及其他附件的修订才能生效。
This Contract shall be written in English in four copies. Each party shall keep two copies.
本合同以英文书写，一式四份，双方各持两份。
7.合同专用词汇
合同中常用的特殊词汇：Whereas..， 但是；相反；相反； In witness whereof特此作证 ,以资证明; Prior to在..之前； In accordance with与...一致, 依照; In compliance with .遵照,和...一致,按照; Provided 如果that，只要，如果； Subject 以..为条件，以...据， 易受...的
第二节 商业合同的句法特征
1. 多用陈述句 2. 多用条件句
In case a third party brings a charge of infringement, licensor shall be responsible for dealing with the third party and bear full legal and financial responsibilities which may arise.
第三方起诉侵权的，出让人应当负责处理第三方事务，并承担全部相应的法律和财务责任。
现在的Examplee3多用途:
Licensor guarantees that licensor is legitimate owner of the know-how supplied by licensor to licensee in accordance with the stipulations of the contract, and that licensor is lawfully in a position to transfer the know-how to licensee.
转让人保证其合法拥有按照合同规定转让给受让人的技术，并将技术转让给受让人是合法的。
4 Examplee主动语态表责任:
Party A shall bear all expenses for advertising and publicity.甲方应承担所有广告和销售费用。
The employer may ask bidders individually for clarification of their tenders, including breakdowns of unit prices.
业主可要求投标人解释其投标书，包括单位价格细目表。
The Contractor shall supply to the Engineer four copies of all Drawings, Specification and other documents.
承包商应向工程师提供一式四份的所有图纸、规格和其他文件。
5 多用长句
(1)Example特长句:
In the event of a Subcontractor having undertaken towards the Contractor in respect of the work executed; or the goods, materials, Plant or services supplied by such Subcontractor, any continuing obligation extending for a period exceeding that of the Defects Liability Period under the Contract, the Contractor shall at any time, after the expiration of such period, assign to the Employer, at the Employer’s request and cost, the benefit of such obligation for the unexpired duration thereof.
如果分包商在合同规定的缺陷责任期结束后继续为承包商承担义务，或其提供的货物、材料、工程设备或服务，承包商应在缺陷责任期结束后的任何时候按照雇主的要求和由雇主承担费用，并将延长期限未满的义务的利益转让给雇主。
During the validity of this Agreement, Party A refrains from offering the above-mentioned goods to other merchants with ports in Country X as ports of destination, while Party B undertakes to refrain from purchasing, pushing sales off or acting as agents for the commodity of other suppliers the same as or similar to that stated in Article 2 and guarantees not to transship in any way the said goods supplied by Party A to any area, where exclusivity or sale agency has been granted by Party A.
在本协议有效期内，甲方不得向以X为目的港口的其他商人提供上述商品，乙方不得购买、促销或代理与第二条规定的产品相同或类似的其他供应商的产品，并保证甲方提供的上述商品不得转移到甲方指定的独家代理人或销售代理人的任何地方。
(2) Examplee用于复杂状语:
If any loss or damage happens to the Works, or any part thereof, or materials or Plant for incorporation therein, during the period for which the Contractor is responsible for the care thereof, from any cause whatever, other than the risks defined in Clause 53.1.1, the Contractor shall, at his own cost, rectify such loss or damage so that the permanent Works conform in every aspect with the provisions of the Contract to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
承包商负责照顾期间，除第53.1.1外，如果项目或其任何部分或所使用的材料或设备对公司造成任何损失或损坏.除1条规定的风险外，无论出于何种原因，承包商都必须出资弥补这些损失或损失，使永久工程在各方面都符合合同规定，达到工程师的满意度。
If, before the Time for completion of the whole of the Works or, if applicable, any Section, a Taking-Over Certificate has been issued for any part of the Works or of a Section, the liquidated damages for delay in completion of the remainder of the Works or of that Section shall, for any period of delay after the date stated in such Taking-Over Certificate, and in the absence of alternative provisions in the Contract, be reduced in the Proportion which the value of the Part so certified bears to the value for the whole of the Works or Section, as applicable.
在整个工程或段落竣工期前，如果项目或段落的任何部分已签发移交证书，如果合同中没有替代条款，项目或段落的剩余部分将延迟到移交证书注明的日期后尚未完成，因此产生的违约赔偿金应根据已签发部分的价值在整个项目或段落的价值中所占比例减少。
第三节 翻译商业合同和协议
(1)Examplee的词性转换:
Prior to commencement of any work under this Contract and during the period of the Contract, the Purchaser shall provide proof of insurance coverage required by this Contract.
本合同各项目开工前及合同期间，买方应按合同要求出具保险范围证明。
(2)Examplee的语态转换:
The measurement, gross weight, net weight and the cautions such as “Do not stack up and down”, “Keep away from moisture”, “Handle with care” shall be stenciled on the surface of each package with fadeless pigment.
尺寸、毛重、净重、“请勿倒置”、“保持干燥”必须用不褪色的颜料印在每个包装上， “小心轻放”等警示语。
3 省略 (1)省略同义词
在翻译中，可以省略英语中的重复单词。For example:
The Seller shall be liable for any damage and loss of the goods attributable to the inadequate or improper packing.
卖方应对包装不当造成的货物缺陷负责。
Licensee agrees that licensee shall keep the know-how supplied by licensor under secret and confidential conditions within the validity period of the Contract.
受让人同意在合同有效期内对转让人提供的技术保密。
(2) 省略名词 可以省略英语中重复的名词。For example:
In the course of arbitration, the contract shall be continuously executed by both Parties except the part of the contract which is under arbitration.
在仲裁过程中，除仲裁合同外，其他部分应由双方继续执行。
5) In two visits to the United States, Jamaica’s Prime Minister, in response to the World Bank’s repeated urges, suggested the message to the US policy makers for the good of both countries, particular in the matter of bilateral monetary affairs.
在世界银行的反复催促下，牙买加总理在两次访问美国时，为了牙买加和美国的利益，特别是双边金融事务的利益，向美国决策者提出了这些建议。
(3)省略副词 Thereof 和hereof 翻译中可以省略一类副词。Example:
All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Parties hereto.
合同履行引起的所有争议均应由双方友好协商解决。
4 重复
在英语中，可以省略许多结构，特别是在并列句中。但在汉语中，为了对称，已知事务往往需要重现。For example:
The Seller may terminate this Contract by oral or written notice to the Purchaser upon its beach as determined by the Seller or at other times when deemed necessary by the Seller. Upon such notice, the Purchaser shall cease all operations on and immediately leave, and not return to, the Seller’s property unless otherwise provided by the Seller.
当卖方确定买方违约或认为有必要终止合同时，可以口头或书面通知买方终止合同。一旦收到此通知，如果卖方没有其他规定，买方应停止所有工作，并立即离开卖方的房地产，不得返还。
第四节 翻译技巧(1)长句翻译技巧
1 顺译法
Party A and Party B agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company to introduce the Patent and engage in production cooperation in accordance with the technical know-how specified in the Patent.
甲乙双方同意共同成立合作经营企业引进专利，并根据专利提供技术进行合作生产。
2 逆译法
The Sellers shall not be held responsible if they fail, owing to force Majeure cause or causes, to make delivery within the time stipulated in this Sales Contract or can not deliver the goods.
卖方因不可抗力原因不能在本销售合同规定的期限内发货或交货，卖方不负责任。
3 分译法
The Tenderer and any of his representatives will be granted permission by the Employer or his agent SU company to enter upon its premises and lands for the purpose of such inspection by prior arrangement, but only upon the express condition that the Tenderer and his representatives, will release and indemnify the Employer or his agent SU company and its personnel from and against all liability in respect thereof and will be responsible for personal injury (whether fatal or otherwise), loss of or damage to property and any other loss, damage, costs and expenses however caused, which, but for exercise of such permission, would not have arisen.
根据事先安排，业主或其代理SU公司将允许投标人及其代表到项目现场进行检查，但只有第一个条件是，投标人或其代理人不得要求业主或其代理人SU公司及其人员承担检查责任，并对不发生（致命或非致命）人身伤害、财产缺陷和其他损失、损害和费用承担责任。
2 定语从句(1)限定性定语从句
It will also have its own offices, associates or agents in the countries with which it trades.
在与之贸易的国家，它也有办事处、合伙人或代理人。
Except in cases where the insurance is covered by the Buyer as arranged, insurance is to be covered by the Sellers with a Chinese insurance company.
除买方投保人约定外，其他卖方应向中国保险公司投保。
The Equipment and Material which are carefully and properly packed in the best and stable condition according to the figures and characteristics of the Equipment and Material may be expected to withstand long-distance sea and inland transportation and numerous handlings.
这些设备和材料根据其形状和特点精心包装，固定牢固可靠，有望经受长途海上和内陆运输和反复装卸。
(2)非限定性定语从句 翻译灵活，翻译一般保持在原位。
The Buyer shall establish a Letter of Credit before the above-mentioned time, failing which, the Seller shall have the right to rescind this Contract upon the arrival of the notice at Buyer or to accept whole or part of this Contract non fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for the direct losses sustained, if any.
买方应在上述日期前开立信用证，否则卖方有权通知买方取消合同，或接受买方未履行的全部或部分合同，并对直接损失提出索赔。
当句子中有非限定性定语从句时，可以将句子分成两个并列句。
The manufacturer desires to appoint some overseas agents for its business abroad, who will work on commission.
制造商希望指定一些海外代理商负责其国外业务，其工作报酬按佣金支付。
一些非限定性定语从句实际上表示目的或结果，可以翻译成状语从句。
It is necessary for us to conduct amicable negotiation on the quality discrepancy, which may help sustain our long-term cooperation.
我们必须友好协商质量异议，这将有助于维持我们的长期合作。
(2)转换语序
I am contacting you because I can help you improve the pulling power of your advertising without increasing your advertising budget.
在不增加广告预算的情况下，我们与贵方联系是因为我们可以帮助贵方提高广告的吸引力。
(3)转换状语从句类型
Where there is any quality discrepancy, the seller needs to look into it right away.
如有质量异议，卖方需立即调查。
The Seller may, when it deems it reasonable and in the best interest of the Seller, allow the Purchaser to continue performance under the Contract.
卖方认为合理且符合卖方最佳利益的，可以允许买方继续履行合同。
No modification of this Contract or waiver of its terms and conditions shall be effective unless they are made in writing and signed by the parties.
修订合同或禁止条款以双方书面签字为准。
1 本合同有效期自合同生效之日起10年。有效期届满后，本合同自动失效。
The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of the contract, the contract shall automatically become void.
2 买卖双方经协商同意，按下列条款进行交易。
The underlined Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction according to the terms and conditions set forth as follows:
3 买方提出索赔的，必须在货到目的地港之日起30天内提出所有质量异议，并在货到目的地港之日起15天内提出所有质量异议。
In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy, claims should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.
4 买方应用不可撤销的信用证支付卖方的运费。
The Delivery Payment shall be paid by Buyer to Seller under an irrevocable letter of credit.
5 本合同为中英文两种文本，两种文本效力相同。
This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall be deemed equally authentic.
6 甲方可在保证金中扣除乙方违反本合同规定产生的违约金、损害赔偿金等相关费用。
In case party B breaches this contract, party A has right to deduct the default fine, compensation for damage or any other expense from the deposit.
7 本合同附件是本合同的有效组成部分，具有与本合同相同的法律效力。
Any annex is the integral part of this contract. The annex and the contract are equally valid.
8 卖方不负责任，因为一般公认的人力不可抗拒而无法交付或装载延迟。
The Seller shall not be held responswible for late delivery or non-delivery of the goods owing to generally recognized “Force Majuere” causes.
9 双方应友好协商解决因执行本合同而发生的一切与本合同有关的纠纷。
All disputes in connection with this Contract or the execution thereof shall be amicably settled through amicable negotiation.
10 本合同一次性支付使用费，计价货币为美元。
The amount of the payable Royalty for the Program will be a one-time charge. The currency shall be in US dollars.
11. The royalties shall be calculated on the basis of Net Selling Price of such products.
版税按产品销售净价计算。
12. Owner shall have no obligation to grant extension if delays were not excusable delays, or otherwise resulted, directly or indirectly, from the Contractor’s breach of this Contract.
如无理由，或直接或间接因承包商违约而无法如期完成，业主无义务宽限。
13. It is the responsibility of the Owner to take reasonable steps to provide a work area free of household obstructions, and to remove or protect household items in areas where it may be reasonably anticipated by the Owner that they may be subject to dust, damage or vibrations.
业主有责任采取合理措施，确保家庭环境畅通，拆除或保护可能受到灰尘、损坏或振动的物品。
14. Seller shall deliver each Shipment to the applicable Place of Delivery on or before the applicable Delivery Date set forth in the Project Schedule.
卖方应在工程计划中规定的交货日期或之前发送每批货物。
15. This Contract shall terminate and expire automatically upon the full performance or discharge of all the obligations of the Parties hereunder.
一旦履行了双方的全部责任，合同将自动终止。
16. Immediately after completion of loading of goods on board the vessel the Seller shall advise the Buyer by cable of the Contract number, name of goods, quantity or weight loaded, invoice value, name of vessel, port of shipment, sailing date and port of destination.
货物装运后，卖方应立即通知买方合同号、名称、装运数量或重量、发票金额、名称、装运港、起航日期和目的港。
17. In case the quality, quantity or weight of the goods be found not in conformity with those stipulated in this Contract after re-inspection by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau within 60 days after arrival of goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall return the goods to or lodge claims against the Seller for compensation of losses upon the strength of Inspection Certificate issued by the said Bureau, with the exception of those claims for which the insurers or owners of the carrying vessel are liable.
货物到达目的地港口应在60天内由中国商品检验局审查。如果发现质量、数量或重量与本合同规定不一致，除保险公司或船舶负责人外，买方应凭中国商品检验局出具的检验证书向卖方提出退货或索赔。
18. It is mutually agreed that for the quality of the contracted goods in this category, the Inspection Certificate issued by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau after inspection the goods within 90 days from the date of arrival at the port of destination shall be taken as final and binding upon both parties.
双方同意，本合同签订的此类货物的质量应在货物到达目的地港口后90天内由中国商品检验局进行检验，并以本局签发的检验证为最终依据，双方均遵守。
19. If insurance for additional amount and/or for other insurance terms is required by the Buyer, prior notice to this effect must reach the Sellers before shipment and is subject to the Sellers’ agreement, and the extra insurance premium shall be for the Buyers’ account.
如果买方需要增加保险金额和/或其他保险，可以在装船前提出，经卖方同意后代投保，费用由买方承担。
20. The Parties, adhering to principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendly consultation, desire to exert all their efforts in co-operating with each other and agree to jointly invest to set up a joint venture enterprise TEDA, Tianjin, P.R. China for the purpose of expanding international economic cooperation and technological exchange on a mutual beneficial and profitable basis.
本着平等互利的原则，双方愿意在中华人民共和国天津经济技术开发区建立合资企业，在互利的基础上扩大国际经济合作和技术交流。
