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同声传译中状语的处理方法

作者:瑞科翻译 时间:2023-05-25 19:19:10 来源:瑞科翻译官网 标签: 翻译

在英汉翻译中,状语的处理也是一个非常重要的问题。汉语状语一般在前面,英语状语非常灵活,有些在前面,有些在后面。前状语与汉语习惯相同,同声传译问题不大。但当我们遇到后状语时,我们仍然需要使用一些技能来处理它。
  1、翻译成欧化句型
  (1)People of the same trade seldom meet together even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public or some contrivance to raise price.
  同龄人很少聚在一起,即使是为了娱乐和娱乐。但一旦聚在一起,结果总是阴谋对付人民,或者试图提高价格。
  (2)Frankly, ideas and goods will travel around the globe with or without our help.
  坦白说,无论有没有我们的帮助,思想和商品都会在全球流通。
  (3)People who for years have been denied their pasts,have began searching for their own identities, often through peaceful and constructive means,occasionally through factionalism and blood shed.
  多年来,一些民族的历史被否定,但现在他们已经开始寻找自己,通常以和平和建设的方式,偶尔诉诸宗派主义和流血。
  (4)The American people were shocked by these events. We were greatly surprised to learn of our diminished economic and military strength;we were demoralized by the treatment of our hostages in Iran; and we were outraged by the harsh attacks on the United States in the United Nations.
  美国人民对这些事件感到震惊。我们非常惊讶,因为我们知道我们的经济和军事力量正在萎缩;我们士气低落,因为我们的人质在伊朗受到了这样的待遇;我们义愤填膺,因为我们在联合国受到了很大的攻击。(by短语可以逆向翻译,比如第一句)
  假如汉语中本应前置的原因、条件、让步状语从句等后置,语调一般应较低。
  2、重复修改部分(类似于定语)
  (5)We were all affected, positively and negatively, by developments beyond our borders.
  我们都受到边界以外事态发展的影响,或积极或消极的影响。
  (6)Everyone was optimistic,because everything had changed----it appeared for the better----since I first attended a session of the General Assembly at the height of the cold war back in the 1950s.
  每个人都很乐观,因为一切都发生了变化──似乎变好了──自从第一次参加联大,冷战高峰期50年代参加联大以来,一切都变了。
  3、借用书面语句
  (7)In the changing world today,with problems increasing both in number and in dimension,human society in general ----and small countries in particular----are placing special hope on the United Nations.
  在当今不断变化的世界里,各种问题的数量和范围都在增加,整个人类社会,尤其是小国,特别希望联合国。
  4、独立成句
  (8)It has been 16 years since I first stayed in this district of Beijing on my first visit when I stayed at the friendship hotel.
  十六年前,我第一次来到北京,那是我第一次访华,住在友谊酒店。
  (9)Special Economic Zones could become instrumental in stimulating such centers of excellence through favorable policies that would attract them to the Zones.
  通过优惠政策,经济特区可以帮助建立这样的龙头地区,吸引它们到特区。
  5、追加
  (10)Since China has already undertaken the wise decision to invest the equivalent of one trillion US dollars into the infrastructural development of especially the inner regions during the next three years as a key component to overcome unemployment…
  因为中国已经明智地决定投资1万亿美元建设基础设施,特别是大陆的基础设施──未来三年──克服失业的重要手段...
  句子末尾的时间状语往往很难添加,可以用较低的音调添加。如果不重要或众所周知的事实,可以省略不翻译。
  以上是如何在同声传译中处理英语中后置状语的技巧,需要在以后的实践中慢慢积累和理解。

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